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Effective Economics Of Industry Under Perfectly Competitive Market - 275 Words

Effective Economics Of Industry Under Perfectly Competitive Market (Math Problem Sample) Content: The demand and cost function for a company is estimated as follows: P =100- 8Q ------------------------------------------------Eq1 CT= 50 +80Q -10Q2 + 0.6Q3 ----------------------------Eq2 * Solution From the demand function price of goods manufactured must be less 100 which is less than the quantity sold and the cost function; Fixed cost=50 Variable cost=80Q-10Q2+0.6Q3 We then explore way to find the following variables; Total revenue (TR) = P*Q = 100Q –8Q2 --------------------------------------------------Eq3 Marginal revenue (MR) = First order derivative of TR with respect to Q = MR = 100 – 16Q --------------------------------Eq4 Marginal cost (MC) = First order derivative of TC with respect to Q= MC = 80-20Q+1.8Q2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------Eq5 Average revenue (AR) = 100- 8Q= P ---------------------------------------------------Eq6 This helps to minimize price discrimination Average cost (AC) it’s the TC/Q i.e. AC= [50/Q] +80 -10Q + 0.6Q2 ---------------------Eq7 We can then equate Marginal Revenue to Marginal Cost using the following step Step 1 MR=MC Eq5 = Eq7 100-16Q= 80-20Q+1.8Q2 If we equate all variables, we come up with the following linear equation; (8) 4Q+1.8Q2-20=0 Using Quadratic formula 1.e. Q=-b ±b2-4ac2a where a=4, b=1.8 and c=-20 Q=-4 ±1.82-(4*4*-20)2*4 If we do the calculation, we w...

William Shakespeare s Sonnet 130 - 851 Words

During the Shakespearean period love was presented in several different ways. Love was sometimes portrayed as a war between two lovers and sometimes used to profess admiration to a lover. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare redefined what love poems were, by making his poem a parody of the conventional love poems that were written by poets in the sixteenth to seventeenth century. Prior to this poem, love poems were praised for their romantic appeals where more often than not they praised women for their beauty and god like appearance. This poem was known to be one of Shakespeare’s most famous sonnets because of its central idea that love is not only physical attraction. In the typical love poems women were described to have flawless skin, rosy cheeks and were admired by everyone in their society, while this poem particularly has a different tone to it. It mocks the typical love poems by stating his honest feelings towards his lover. The poem began by using the term mistress, a word that indicates that the poem was addressed to someone he loved (1). The word mistress lets the reader know that the poem was a love poem, and if Shakespeare had started this poem with any other line there would have been confusion on whether if it was a love poem or not, the tone would change. The next line states that his lovers eyes was nothing like the sun, which usually in love poems after the lover was identified there would be a simile comparing her eyes to the sun not the opposite (1). The poetShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 1301123 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sarcasm, and the Petrarchan form against itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unr ealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, Shakespeare largelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130756 Words   |  4 Pagesit does not boast, it is not proud.† Rather than focusing on appearances, or whatever meets the eye, Sonnet 130 ,takes the love poem to a deeper,level where looks are no longer important and it is inner beauty that matters. Shakespeare paints this picture using a wonderful combination of details.This type of rare love is exemplified in William Shakespeare’s ‘Sonnet 130’a poem where Shakespeare dismisses conventional ideals of love and describes unconditional love. At first, the speaker is arguingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130887 Words   |  4 PagesShakespearean Sonnets consist of 154 Sonnets that are well know for their themes such as passage of time, love, beauty, and mortality. Out of all the Sonn ets, Sonnet 130 is the most significant because Shakespeare mocks the concept of traditional Sonnets. The traditional sonnet were usually love poems or Sonnets that person would show how much they praise someone or thing by exaggerating their beauty through imagery and comparisons. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare does the complete opposite comparedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 18 And 130900 Words   |  4 Pages(Line 1). These are both two of the famous lines from William Shakespeare’s sonnet 18 and 130. William Shakespeare was an intelligent English playwright, poet, and dramatist during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. He is known as one of the greatest playwrights of all time. Sonnet 18 and 130 are two of Shakespeare’s most famous poems. Sonnet 18 is a love poem about how he compares the woman’s love to a summer’s day. Sonnet 130 has a different approach. It is still a comparisonRead MoreSonnet Analysis Essay1249 Words à ‚  |  5 Pageschocolates and teddy bears or maybe a romantic sonnet? The clichà © of these superficial representations have been around for years and continue to plague our society today. But are the traditional roses on Valentine’s Day and anniversaries really a good signification of true love or would you prefer a unique and realistic approach? Good morning/ good afternoon Mr. Day and classmates, today I will be comparing two sonnets. These sonnets deal with the issue of ideal and unconventionalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Love1612 Words   |  7 Pageswill focus on the poetry of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a world-renowned poet and playwright. Shakespeare had a romantic heart and his poetry is shaped by love. His poems usually depict the passion and sacredness of relationships. By comparing two poems from William Shakespeare it is shown how he has been able to articulate the poetic theme of love. This seminar will analyze and explore two of Shakespeare’s poems focusing on the particular theme of love. Shakespeare deals with deep and enduringRead MoreLove in Shakespeares Sonnets 18 and 130 Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesAlmost four hundred years after his death, William Shakespeares work continues to live on through his readers. He provides them with vivid images of what love was like during the 1600s. Shakespeare put virtually indescribable feelings into beautiful words that fit the specific form of the sonnet. He wrote 154 sonnets; all of which discuss some stage or feature of love. Love was the common theme during the time Shakespeare was writing. However, Shakespeare wrote about it in such a way that captivatedRead MoreSonnet 130:- Literary Devices635 Words   |  3 Pages4. WHAT LITERARY DEVICES ARE USED BY SHAKESPEARE TO PUT FORTH HIS IDEAS IN SONNET-130? IS HE COMPLETELY ANTI-PETRARCHAN? [16] 1st part The language spoken and written of great romances is often poetic, passionate, and filled with metaphors of beauty and devotion. In short, the language of love is the language of exaggeration. William Shakespeare ‘s most powerful description of love is when he satirizes this method of writing and in so doing instead claims that honesty and sincerityRead More Essay on Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden860 Words   |  4 PagesLust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden in Her Face  Ã‚     Ã‚   When a comparison is made between There is a Garden in Her Face by Thomas Campion and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, the difference between lustful adoration and true love becomes evident. Both poems involve descriptions of a beloved lady seen through the eyes of the speaker, but the speaker in Campions poem discusses the womans beautiful perfections, while the speaker in Shakespeares poem showsRead MoreSonnet 130 - William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love1264 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2013 Sonnet 130 – William Shakespeare An Unconventional Love I will be writing about William Shakespeare s poem Sonnet 130. In the sonnet, every other line rhymes, with the exception of the last two lines which rhyme on their own as a rhyming couplet. The poem follows the rhyme scheme of a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter, containing fourteen lines and ten syllables within each line. The iambic pentameter makes the sonnet sound redundant,

Int Task 1 Essay - 767 Words

Visual Organizer for QBT1 Language Comm (V1 Undergrad-1211)-PA TASK 3 Teassa Eubanks WGU Student ID #270035 July 25, 2013 Works Cited Jackson, J. (2013). Learning Environments For Homeschooling: EzineArticles.com Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Learning-Environments-For-Homeschoolingid=2286248 Wenner, M. (2008). Study: Religion is Good for Kids: Live Science Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://www.livescience.com/1465-study-religion-good-kids.html Skurchak, G.( 2010). Homeschooling Effects on Children. Livestrong.com Retrieved May 2, 2013 from†¦show more content†¦Ideas can be explored thoroughly in a dynamic home school environment, where in a traditional classroom it might need to be pushed aside in order to meet the next learning objective on time. (Jackson, 2013) Religion practices in public schools are a thing of past and are not allowed in public schools. Home schooled children are able to practice whatever religion they choose. Prayer, pledge of allegiance and bible study can be participated in freely, which is a big reason some parents are turning to home schooling. Children with religion in the classroom have better social skills. Kids with religion in their home are better behaved and adjusted than other children, according to a new study that is the first to look at the effects of religion on young child development. (Wenner, 2008) Pressure created by the drama of public school can be detrimental to children’s well being. Bullying is all too real in today’s youth and its not just limited to a certain gender or race. Some kids that are faced with bullying or peer pressure eventually fail or drop out of school completely. Home schooled kids aren’t as subjected to these typed of detriment and most excel, go on to college and become very successful adults. â€Å"Peer pressure isn’t as prevalent as with public school setting. Children are less likely to be rebellious and in trouble, as they are more family focused and oriented. These children seem to be closer to theirShow MoreRelatedINT 1 Task 11735 Words   |  7 PagesPart One Changes in DNA Understanding - a Continuing Process INT - Task 1 Understanding Genetics a Timeline of DNA Science ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  1700’s - it is believed that all traits are acquired. Example - a giraffe has a long neck due to stretching to reach the leaves in the taller trees. 1800’s - Carl Linnaeus classified by visible traits. 1866 - Gregor Mendel, through pea plant breeding and research; discovered that traits are inherited not acquired- before anyone knew or understood anything aboutRead MoreAssignment Notes : Public Class Benchmarking Techniques714 Words   |  3 Pagesassignment unit 1; import java.util.*; public class BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms { // Here I compute banchmarks of two different sorting techniques intmaxArraySize=10000; // Array Size int[] sortingArray1 = new int[maxArraySize]; // First Array int[] sortingArray2 = new int[maxArraySize]; // Second Array public BenchmarkingSortingAlgorithms(){ //The class Constructor for (int i = 0; i sortingArray1.length; i++) { // Fill two arrays with the same random numbers. sortingArray1[i]=(int)(IntegerRead MoreWhat Input Will Be Entered Into A Program : Program Analysis976 Words   |  4 Pagespurchased by the customer. What calculations will be performed by the program. List and explain them in the table below. Calculation Explanation Adult  £10.30*1 (price multiply by number of tickets) The Calculation for adult ticket. Senior citizen  £ 10.30*0.80=8.24*1 The calculation for senior citizen ticket. Children 10.30/2 =5.15*1(price multiply by number of tickets) The calculation for children ticket. multiply tickets 10.30*2 +5.15*2+8.24 Calculation for multiply tickets What will be outputRead MoreEssay on Homework Week 2758 Words   |  4 PagesCOMP122 Week 1 Homework Part 1: Complete the following problems. 1. What is machine code? Why is it preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C++? Machine code it the language that the computer understands. High level languages are better because they are easier to understand and work with. 2. What does a compiler do? What kinds of errors are reported by a compiler? A compiler translates one computer language into another. It also pics up errors in the program beingRead MoreA Study Of Current System Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pages2.1: Study of current system The current system consists of manually carrying out all the tasks such as : telephonic communications regarding need of blood, : searching the blood from storage, : retrieving the required blood group, : performing necessary documentations and : delivering the blood. This raises the cost and time required to a considerable extent. Moreover, the efficiency is reduced . Sometimes, due to technical errors the blood delivered may be unhealthy but still it is givenRead MoreEssay Inch and Lt1087 Words   |  5 PagesCOMP122 Week 1 Homework Part 1: Complete the following problems. 1. What is machine code? Why is it preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C++? A: The machine code is the language which the computer hardware understands and executes. It is preferable to write programs in a high level language such as C ++ because it is much easier to understand and learn this machine language. 2. What does a compiler do? What kinds of errors are reported by a compiler? A: A computerRead MoreTypes Of Conbols And Definition1151 Words   |  5 Pages Example illustrating as.... #include #define VARIABLE ONE 20 #define VARIABLE TWO 60 #define NEWLINE \n int main() { int ADD; ADD = VARIABLE ONE + VARIABLE TWO; printf(value of ADD : %d, ADD); printf(%c, NEWLINE); return 0; } Result is... value of ADD : 80 ïÆ' ¼ const Keyword It is same as the define keyword, but the only difference is that we should use const int or float instead of #defined. C STORAGE CLASS There are various types of storage class which are usedRead MorePatient Billing software srs1594 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics 2.6 Constraints 2.7 Use Case Model Description 2.8 Class Diagram 2.9 Sequence Diagram 2.10 Database Design 2.10.1 ER Diagram 2.11 Assumptions and Dependencies 3.0 Specific Requirements 3.1 Use Case Reports Software Requirements Specification 1. Introduction: 1.1 Purpose: The Software is for the automation of Patient Billing. The Software includes:Maintaining Patient details. Providing Prescription details. Providing and maintaining all kinds of tests for a patient. Billing and Report generationRead MoreEssay on Java767 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and executeRead MoreJava Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture, in the year 2016, the cable news empire has fallen, and former talking heads have stooped to running for political office. In fact, five former talk show stars are running for President of the United States, and locked in a close race. Your task is to design and implement a set of classes that process a collection of Integer objects, corresponding to votes for each candidate. The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and execute

Christian Ethics and Animal Right-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Christians are beginning to reevaluate the moral status of animals, becoming more concerned with animal suffering. As a result of this, should Christians become Vegetarians? Answer: The Christians observe a moral code and charity is an essential part of their religious doctrine. Moral goodness is an essential part of their religion and their religion believes that the goodness and love that is shown to fellow human beings is returned to us. It lays stress on the fact that God and ones neighbour should be treated with love and compassion for the greater good of human kind([1] ).The relationship between that of Christianity and animal rights is complex and varied which relies to a great extent on the historical context. Jesus Christ has often been depicted in terms of imagery that is related to animals. According to the Christian environmentalists animals should be treated with respect. Many Christian philosophers have stated that the individuals should follow Jesus and animals should be treated in such a manner that shows compassion. It should also illustrate respectful stewardship of the humanity for the environment. William Wilberforce who is the co-founder in relation to Royal Society For The Prevention Of Animals stands as an example. Christian attitudes have expressed the notion that human beings are negligent towards animals. They neglect the animals and are dismissive of the lot of animals. Some Christians have the idea that animals should be treated like commercial products that people can utilize in order to serve the desire of humanity ([2]). Ideology is an important part of this debate and people from right wing and conservatives have a tendency to view animals as only resources. Those who have sympathy for the left are more supportive of animal rights measures. The relationship between that of animals and that of people is extremely complex. Christian writer Jack Zavada has said that mans likeness is conceived to God and animal is considered to be subservient to man which points forward that animals can have the breath of life. It brings out the idea that animals are not held to be in the same position as that of the human kind. The book of Genesis states that humanity is made out of the image of God and they are given the authority to control all the other beings of the earth. It does not mention that Adam and Eve are having animal flesh. No incidence of mal-treatment in respect to animals has been mentioned in the Bible. The creatures along with that of the humans co-exist harmoniously and no mention of animals being exploited is noted in the Bible. Proverbs 12: 10 lay out an important principle that a man who is right cares about the health of his animal. Meat-eating has received the approval of God after Adam and Eve were sent away from the Eden to that of the end of global flood. A section of Genesis 9;3 states that just the way green plants were given to them in the same way they were given everything. The Old Testament states that God made differentiation between that of animal and that of man and man was asked to control the animals for the benefit of man. God has also provided man with the moral guidelines that cruelty should be prevented. Animal sacrifice is an important aspect in many parts of the Bible. Isaiah 65:25 states that the wolf along with that of lamb will have food together and that the lion will eat straw like that of the fox ( [3]). Jesus Christ in New Testament stands for a moral icon and he can be looked upon as an inspiration in respect to Christian ethics. The canonical gospels did not exactly perceive Jesus to be a vegetarian. Biblical passages show that Jesus along with his followers are carrying out fishing which in a way suggests that meat-eating was done in this phase. In respect to animal rights, Jesus is conceived of to be the good shepherd and it is mentioned that a good shepherd sacrifices his life for serving the sheep ( [4] ).It thus highlights a moral theme that those who are powerful should sacrifice themselves for serving the cause of the weaker section. This is often taken to be inspiration in respect to that of animal welfare. Christians are re-evaluating moral status in respect to animals and in the present age they are veering towards vegetarianism. What is driving them to become vegetarians is exclusively related to what they think of God. Assertions have been found in the scripture that highlights that God empathizes with the fate of animals. Jesus used to say that even when a sparrow falls on the ground then it has effect on the emotional state of Heavenly Father. An argument in the Bible states that putting an end to the life of an animal for the sake of getting food is permitted. This was however not the original will in respect to God. Adam along with Eve were practitioners of vegetarianism and even their descents were vegetarians till the time of the great flood ([5]). Peaceful kingdom that will be established after the second coming, vegetarianism will be the normal order for both humans and the animals. Another important reason of Christians abstaining from the practice of being meat-eaters is that of commitment to the poor and hungry people prevailing within the world. On processing the protein in grain and then being eaten by the human race, one can derive health benefits that are maximum. The grains being eaten by animals and then being consumed by man, a major part of the protein is lost. In a malnourished world where dearth of protein causes a lot of suffering among adults and children, one should be concerned about the needs of Gods children. The Bible says that our bodies should be treated as Temple of God. It highlights the fact we should abstain from such practices that cause injury to our health. Eating meat harms our bodies and the dictum of the scriptures states that maintaining healthy bodies is of crucial importance. Vegetarianism can prove to be an important step in that direction and it can help in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. When the different scriptural passages in relation to animal welfare are seen in the larger context of grace and mercy, a strong argument indicates the humane treatment in relation to God. Abstinence from consuming meat is professed very strongly in many Biblical cases [6] Contradictory to teaching of Aquinas, the celebrated Christian leaders were vegetarians who had the notion that consumption of meat was contrary to that of biblical message of the element of compassion. The biblical statements have conflicting opinion in regard to the treatment meted out to animals. The Old Testament describes incidences of animal sacrifice along with that of animal subservience. On the other hand, there are verses in Job and Isaiah that talks about purity in respect to animals. Chapter 22 in Book of Numbers narrates the enchanting story of the character of Israelite Balaam who had a faithful donkey that witnessed the angel with sword. It was blocking the path and it chose to move away into the field. Balaam is not pure and so he could not see the angel. He beat the donkey and asked the creature to move back into the road ([7] ).His numerous efforts to bring the donkey to the right path failed, the donkey spoke to Balaam and it told him that if he opened his mind he would be able to see that there is a strong reason for it suddenly stopping in the middle of the road. Just at this juncture, the angel became visible to Balaam. He trembles and falls back on the ground and the angel asked him why he had beaten the donkey ([8] ).The angel said that if the donkey had not turned away from the road, then it would have killed him but spared the donkey. The contradiction in respect to teaching was carried forward in the New Testament. In a large number of verses, animal imagery is used to reflect the religious attributes along with that of the God himself. There are many passages where Jesus is called by the name of Lamb of God ([9]). In Mark 1:9-11, Holy Spirit appeared in the form of dove. When Jesus was emerging from the water, he saw the tearing apart of Heaven. The spirit descended on Jesus by taking the form of dove. All the scholars agree to the fact that prophetic messages existing in Book of Isaiah have described Kingdom of God as the place where there is no killing and everyone co-exists in harmony ([10]). In the Genesis description of Garden of Eden god craves for such a world where there is no killing. It can be deduced that animals should not be killed for food and one should lead a life devoid of any kind of killing. Killing a living creature is against the strain of that of human nature. During the biblical times, horrors in relation to modern factory farming did not exist. It speaks volumes about the suffering that is inflicted upon creatures with the help of these atrocious practices. A merciful God can never forgive such monstrous activities. A diet based on plants can prove to be beneficial for the human body. Scientific research have made clear the fact that vegetarians have a long life and it has linked meat consumption with that of heart disease( [11] ).Animal agriculture results in deforestation along with that of water pollution around the world. Church leaders are also viewing consumption of meat outrightly as a sin. Nothing can be worse than consuming meat for sustenance. It perpetrates anguish to the lives of the innocent animals. Animals were created by the all-powerful God in the same manner as that of humans and they are supposed to get the same amount of freedom like that of humans. The bible commands the human race to produce good result by taking recourse to repentance. New Testament is based on the important idea that being sanctified member of Christ who have received the grace of God, Christians should lead a godly life. A righteous life can give forth to a fulfilling life ([12] ).Condemnation in relation to the consumption of meat and mistreatment of animals will in the coming future emerge to be a doctrinal tenet in relation to the Christian Church. According to the Christians, our hearts should be directed towards serving God that includes caring for that of the creation of God. Most of the Christians have access to healthy plant food ( [13] ).The Bible has stated that diet that is plant-based is the ideal of God. All the creatures used to live peacefully in Eden and God instructed the human race to have just plant food. The Bible has stated that animals should be cared for and all the creatures should take part in Sabbath rest. The Christians are compas sionate and they are advocators of mercy and animal rights ([14]). Having the noble qualities of pity, is an essential part of their religious doctrine. In the description in Genesis relating to Garden of Eden god wanted a world without any kind of killing. Animals should not be killed for the sake of food and the life of a person should be bereft of any kind of killing. Killing a living creature goes against the strain of that of human nature. The biblical scriptures do not have any mention of modern factory farming. Many passages are there where Jesus is called Lamb of God. In Mark 1:9-11, Holy Spirit took the form of a dove. Eating meat causes harm to our bodies and the scriptures maintains having a healthy body is extremely crucial. Vegetarianism can help one to have a healthy lifestyle. The Christians should hence become vegetarians according to the moral principles of the religious books and in order to comply with the ethos of Christianity. References: "Basic Statement On Christian Morality".Christianityetc.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.christianityetc.org/morality.php. "Christianity And Animals".Nonhuman Animal Ethics. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://nonhumananimalethics.wordpress.com/religion-and-animals/. "Ethical Principles From The Bible".Christian Medical Fellowship - Cmf.Org.Uk. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.cmf.org.uk/resources/publications/content/?context=articleid=1330. "Jesus, Christianity, And Animal Rights".Your Daily Vegan. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.yourdailyvegan.com/2013/03/jesus-christianity-and-animal-rights/. "Should Christians Care About Animal Welfare?".The Exchange | A Blog By Ed Stetzer. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2013/december/animal-welfare-and-christian.html. "Six Principles Of A Jesus-Centered Moral Order".ERLC. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://erlc.com/resource-library/articles/six-principles-of-a-jesus-centered-moral-order. "What Are The Basic Elements Of Christian Morality? - Rediscover: | Archdiocese Of Saint Paul And Minneapolis".Rediscover.Archspm.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://rediscover.archspm.org/belonging/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-christian-morality/. "What Do Activists Mean By Animal Rights'".Thoughtco. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-animal-rights-127600. "What Does The Bible Say About Christian Values And Christian Life?".Christianbiblereference.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.christianbiblereference.org/faq_ChristianValues.htm. "What Is Christian Ethics? | A Guide To Ethics".Pages.Stolaf.Edu. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://pages.stolaf.edu/ein/christian-ethics/what-is-christian-ethics/. Equip.org. "Is Animal Rights A Biblical Concern? - Christian Research Institute".Christian Research Institute. Ministry, Christian. "What Is The Christian Position On Animal Rights? | Christian Apologetics Research Ministry".Carm.Org. Morals, We, and We Morals. "We Should Expect Non-Christians To Share Our Morals".Christianitytoday.Com. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2015/october-web-only/we-should-expect-non-christians-to-share-our-morals.html. Oppenheimer, Mark. "Scholars Explore Christian Perspectives On Animal Rights".Nytimes.Com Equip.org, "Is Animal Rights A Biblical Concern? - Christian Research Institute",Christian Research Institute Ministry, Christian. "What Is The Christian Position On Animal Rights? | Christian Apologetics Research Ministry".Carm.Org. Mark Oppenheimer, "Scholars Explore Christian Perspectives On Animal Rights",Nytimes.Com "Should Christians Care About Animal Welfare?".The Exchange | A Blog By Ed Stetzer. "Jesus, Christianity, And Animal Rights",Your Daily Vegan, last modified 2017, accessed November 3, 2017, https://www.yourdailyvegan.com/2013/03/jesus-christianity-and-animal-rights/. "Christianity And Animals",Nonhuman Animal Ethics, last modified 2017, accessed November 3, 2017, https://nonhumananimalethics.wordpress.com/religion-and-animals/. We Morals and We Morals, "We Should Expect Non-Christians To Share Our Morals",Christianitytoday.Com, last modified 2017, accessed November 3, 2017, https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2015/october-web-only/we-should-expect-non-christians-to-share-our-morals.html. "Basic Statement On Christian Morality",Christianityetc.Org, last modified 2017, accessed November 3, 2017, https://www.christianityetc.org/morality.php. "What Does The Bible Say About Christian Values And Christian Life?".Christianbiblereference.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.christianbiblereference.org/faq_ChristianValues.htm. "What Do Activists Mean By Animal Rights'".Thoughtco. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-animal-rights-127600. "What Are The Basic Elements Of Christian Morality? - Rediscover: | Archdiocese Of Saint Paul And Minneapolis".Rediscover.Archspm.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://rediscover.archspm.org/belonging/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-christian-morality/. "Ethical Principles From The Bible".Christian Medical Fellowship - Cmf.Org.Uk. "Six Principles Of A Jesus-Centered Moral Order",ERLC, last modified 2017, accessed November 3, 2017, https://erlc.com/resource-library/articles/six-principles-of-a-jesus-centered-moral-order. "What Is Christian Ethics? | A Guide To Ethics".Pages.Stolaf.Edu. Last modified 2017. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://pages.stolaf.edu/ein/christian-ethics/what-is-christian-ethics/.

Pollution Of Air Essays - Chemistry, Pollution, Natural Environment

Pollution Of Air Is the air that we are breathing killing us? In this speech you will learn all that you need to know about air pollution. First I will give you the causes of air pollution, then I will list the effects of it, and finally I will tell you how we can prevent air pollution. The average person takes about twenty thousand breaths a day, obviously air is essential to life. Well imagine that the air that you are breathing may be killing you, many diseases are aggravated by air pollution. Scientists believe that all cities with populations exceeding 50,000 have some degree of air pollution. Burning garbage in open dumps causes air pollution, and also it smells pretty bad. Air pollution comes from many different sources. One of the major sources is carbon monoxide which manly comes from automobiles, but also burning of fossil fuels, CFCs etc. Air pollution does not leave the Earth it all gets trapped up in the atmosphere. This doesn't bother most people, and they think that it will not harm them. People burn down forests and people burn fossil fuels, and CFCs from aerosols. Every bit of this harms our atmosphere. Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke given off by power plants and automobiles, the cumulative effe! ct of air pollution poses a grave threat to humans and the environment. A big example of smog is LA you can see the smog just hovering above the city. I don't think any human alive should be subject to that kind of environment. Scientists believe that all cities with populations exceeding 50,000 have some degree of air pollution. Burning garbage in open dumps causes air pollution Scientist have discovered that over the South Pole the ozone has a high level of ozone depletion. Those diseases include asthma, chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, and allergies. Pollution also has been linked to pulmonary problems in developing fetuses, and damage to the immune system in adults. Those that are most vulnerable to problems of air pollution are the elderly and children, along with people who work and exercise outside frequently and those with chronic respiratory ailments. Due to the fact that children inhale more air per pound, and that the elderly lose important defense mechanisms as they age. Working outdoors may cause you to breathe at a faster rate and inhale deeper. Which causes high student absences and missed days of work, along with higher health insurance cost. There are many causes of air pollution, but the main causes of pollution are motor vehicles. Motor vehicles contribute 40% of pollutants to react with sunlight to cause ground level ozone also called smog. Ozone causes burning of eyes, nose, and tissue in lungs, like sunlight burns your skin. Another cause being a lawn mower, a gas-powered lawn mower can cause the same amount of air pollution as driving a new car three hundred and forty miles. Other causes include that of factories, wood burning, and human error. Now after you have heard about air pollution and all of its dangers I will tell you how you can help prevent air pollution. First you can start by conserving energy everywhere that you go such as your home, work, and school. Be careful not to spill fuel while filling up gas tank and to tighten your gas cap tightly. Keep your car, boat, and other vehicles tuned up according to owner specifications, and carpool, ride a bike and walk as much as possible. Along with using environmentally safe paint and cleaning utensils. You can conserve energy by turning up your air conditioner up higher. In your vehicle try to refill your tank after dusk, combine trips and errands, and limit engine idling. In conclusion I believe that we can stop air pollution and ground level smog be being more efficient in the way we live. I hope that after you heard about the causes, effects, and solutions to air pollution you will want to help prevent it. So do what you can and conserve the air today.

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge By Ambrose Bierce Term Paper

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge By Ambrose Bierce Term Paper An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge By Ambrose Bierce – Term Paper Example An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is the story of a Confederate irregular – a saboteur – who is about to be hung for endeavoring to sabotage a railway bridge on a railroad that the Union Army is working desperately to prepare. It is a story of men at war and all the characters physically present are male. The protagonist, Peyton Fahrquhar, the Federal scout who entraps him, the officers that have sentenced him to death and the company of infantry present at the execution are all male. Bierce knew this male world well as he served in the Union (Federal) Army during the Civil War. (Randall, 1999, 18)However there is one female character that is omnipresent although only briefly physically present. That woman is Fahrquhars wife. Physically, she is only present in her absence, â€Å"The lady had now brought the water, which the soldier drank. He thanked her ceremoniously...† Yet as Fahrquhar flees his executioners it is a vision of h er and his family that motivates him to carry on despite the bullets whizzing past him: â€Å"The thought of his wife and children urged him on.† In terms of gender analysis in this violent war-torn world of men a woman, a wife, is a solace and an inspiration. A vision of a gentler and more peaceful world.The story also reveals biographical and historical aspects. As noted above Bierce had served in the Union Army, referred to as the Federal Army in the story. He fought in the wildest and most rugged terrain in the war during the Wilderness Campaign and that seems to provide the inspiration for his description of the wilderness that Farquhar flees through: â€Å"The forest seemed interminable; nowhere did he discover a break in it, not even a woodmans road. He had not known that he lived in so wild a region. Therefore, both the military nature of the story and the wild terrain it is set in recall both the history of the United States in the 1860s and incidents and events in Bierces own life.ReferencesBierce, Ambrose. (1988) â€Å"An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge†. Millenium Fulcrum Edition. gutenberg.org/files/375/375-h/375-h.htm.Randall, Floyd E. (1999). The Good, the Bad, and the Mad: Some Weird People in American History. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc.

Personal Statement for UCAS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Statement for UCAS - Essay Example This essay discusses the reasons why the researcher chose to study International Relations, that was mostly due to his interest in world affairs and politics. This entails the cultural differences that are displayed by different nationalities. The development of a country is always fascinating to study because a lot can be learnt from it. Some of the particular topics that are of importance to me are corruption, human rights, and discrimination. The researcher states that it was his father, who encouraged him to pursue a course in International Relations in college because the researcher would be able to live out his dream. In the learning of other cultures, the researcher is able to understand what needs to change within his own culture as well. The author would like to impact his country in a positive way, and taking a course in International Relations will help him to achieve that. Because International Relations is very broad, the researcher would like to focus more on the differ ent economic and political systems that are in place across the world, such as the UK and former USSR, that both are great examples of countries that are very different both politically and economically. The researcher would like to understand how the teachings of Karl Marx affected society in the USSR and what effect this had on the Soviet people, that lived through such events. He would also like to understand the reasons behind this and how the researcher can impact his country in the same way today.

Strategic Analysis report on pharmaceutical sector company - Essay

Strategic Analysis report on pharmaceutical sector company - GlaxoSmithKline (gsk) - Essay Example GlaxoSmithKline Plc. (GSK) is a British pharmaceutical multinational corporation dealing in various drugs, biologics and vaccines. The company has its headquarters in Brantford, London. In the year 2014, GSK was ranked number six among the world’s largest pharmaceutical company. It only trails Johnson & Johnson, Hoffmann La Roche, Novartis, Sanofi and Pfizer. This ranking was done in terms of revenue, making it one of the largest corporations in Britain. GSK came into existence in the year 2000 following a merger between SmithKline Beecham Plc. and Glaxo Wellcome (Anon, 2003). While disruptions in manufacturing and the unfavorable market conditions in key geographical areas have affected its performance, it has always taken necessary steps and strategies to ensure future success. The UK pharmaceutical market is the sixth largest in the world. The market is driven by over 35,000 general practitioners. This implies that it is an open market. However, the leading companies like GSK have stronger presence compared to the smaller companies. According to Towse (2014), the growth in the market has been decelerating in the last three years. Despite this trend, there is still a high worldwide demand for versatile and quality products. Climate has emerged to be a key issue in the industry, with stakeholders striving to come up with products that do not have detrimental impacts on health and the environment. Being an open market, little regulation is usually witnessed. The main economic regulation, however, comes through the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS), which limits the rate of returns associated with medicine sales. The intended rate is that which is equal to the overall UK rate. The pharmaceutical industry has generally performed well and managed to preserve various incentives to invention. There are, however, some current issues that are facing the industry and having an impact on the overall performance. Being a dynamic sector, various

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to and during the Stalin era before the Second World War. Orwell, a democratic socialist,[1] was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, especially after his experiences with the NKVD and the Spanish Civil War.[2] In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as his novel contre Stalin.[3] The original title was Animal Farm: A Fairy Story, but the subtitle was dropped by U. S. publishers for its 1946 publication and subsequently all but one of the translations during Orwells lifetime omitted the addition. Other variations in the title include: A Satire and A Contemporary Satire.[3] Orwell suggested the title Union des rà ©publiques socialistes animales for the French translation, which recalled the French name of the Soviet Union, Union des rà ©publiques socialistes sovià ©tiques, and which abbreviates to URSA, the Latin for bear, a symbol of Russia.[3] Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005);[4] it also places at number 31 on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels. It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is also included in the Great Books of the Western World. The novel addresses not only the corruption of the revolution by its leaders but also how wickedness, indifference, ignorance, greed and myopia corrupt the revolution. It portrays corrupt leadership as the flaw in revolution, rather than the act of revolution itself. It also shows how potential ignorance and indifference to problems within a revolution could allow horrors to happen if a smooth transition to a peoples government is not achieved. Plot summary Snowballs revolution Old Major, the old boar on the Manor Farm, calls the animals on the farm for a meeting, where he compares the humans to parasites and teaches  the animals a revolutionary song, Beasts of England. When Major dies two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and turn his dream into a philosophy. The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible Mr Jones from the farm, renaming it Animal Farm. They adopt Seven Commandments of Animal-ism, the most important of which is, All animals are equal. Snowball attempts to teach the animals reading and writing; food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs elevate themselves to positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their personal health. Napoleon takes the pups from the farm dogs and trains them privately. When Mr Jones tries to retake the farm, the animals defeat him at what they call the Battle of the Cowshed. Napoleon and Snowball struggle for leadership. When Snowball announces his idea for a windmill, Napoleon has his dogs chase Snowball away and declares himself leader. Napoleons rule Napoleon enacts changes to the governance structure of the farm, replacing meetings with a committee of pigs, who will run the farm. Using a young pig named Squealer as a mouthpiece, Napoleon announces that Snowball stole the idea for the windmill from him. The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. After a violent storm, the animals find the windmill annihilated. Napoleon and Squealer convince the animals that Snowball destroyed the windmill, although the scorn of the neighbouring farmers suggests that the windmills walls were too thin. Once Snowball becomes a scapegoat, Napoleon begins purging the farm with his dogs, killing animals he accuses of consorting with Snowball. He and the pigs abuse their power, imposing more control while reserving privileges for themselves and rewriting history, villainising Snowball and glorifying Napoleon. Squealer justifies every statement Napoleon makes, even the pigs alteration of the Seven Commandments of Animalism. No animal shall sleep in beds is changed to No animal shall sleep in beds with sheets when the pigs are discovered to have been sleeping in the old  farmhouse. No animal shall drink alcohol is changed to No animal shall drink alcohol to excess when the pigs discover the farmers whiskey. Beasts of England is replaced by an anthem glorifying Napoleon, who appears to be adopting the lifestyle of a man. The animals, though cold, starving and overworked, remain convinced that they are better off than they were when under Mr Jones. Squealer abuses the animals poor memorie s and invents numbers to show their improvement. Mr Frederick, one of the neighbouring farmers, swindles Napoleon by buying old wood with forged money, and then attacks the farm, using blasting powder to blow up the restored windmill. Though the animals win the battle, they do so at great cost, as many, including Boxer, are wounded. Despite his injuries, Boxer continues working harder and harder, until he collapses while working on the windmill. Napoleon sends for a van to take Boxer to the veterinary surgeons, explaining that better care can be given there. Benjamin the donkey, who could read as well as any pig,[5] notices that the van belongs to Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler (a knacker), and attempts to mount a rescue; but the animals attempts are futile. Squealer reports that the van was purchased by the hospital and the writing from the previous owner had not been repainted. He recounts a tale of Boxers death in the hands of the best medical care. Shortly after Boxers death, it is revealed that the pigs hav e purchased more whiskey. Humanisation Years pass, and the pigs learn to walk upright, carry whips and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are reduced to a single phrase: All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs and the humans of the area, who congratulate Napoleon on having the hardest-working but least fed animals in the country. Napoleon announces an alliance with the humans, against the labouring classes of both worlds. He abolishes practices and traditions related to the Revolution, and changes the name of the farm to The Manor Farm. The animals, overhearing the conversation, notice that the faces of the  pigs have begun changing. During a poker match, an argument breaks out between Napoleon and Mr Pilkington when they both play the Ace of Spades, and the animals realise that the faces of the pigs look like the faces of humans, and no one can tell the difference between them. Animalism Seven Commandments redirects here. For the Noahide code, see Seven Laws of Noah.: The seven laws listed by the Tosefta and the Talmud are[7] 1. Prohibition of Idolatry 2. Prohibition of Murder 3. Prohibition of Theft 4. Prohibition of Sexual immorality 5. Prohibition of Blasphemy 6. Prohibition of eating flesh taken from an animal while it is still alive 7. Establishment of courts of law The pigs Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer adapt Old Majors ideas into an actual philosophy, which they formally name Animalism. Soon after, Napoleon and Squealer indulge in the vices of humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading). Squealer is employed to alter the Seven Commandments to account for this humanisation, an allusion to the Soviet governments revising of history in order to exercise control of the peoples beliefs about themselves and their society.[6] The original commandments are: 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. Later, Napoleon and his pigs secretly revise some commandments to clear them of accusations of law-breaking (such as No animal shall drink alcohol having to excess appended to it and No animal shall sleep in a bed with with sheets added to it). The changed commandments are as follows, with the changes bolded: 1. No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. 2. No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. 3. No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. Eventually these are replaced with the maxims, All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others, and Four legs good, two legs better! as the pigs become more human. This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm by uniting the animals together against the humans, and by prevent animals from following the humans evil habits. Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell demonstrates how simply political dogma can be turned into malleable propaganda.[7] Characters Pigs Old Major – An aged prize Middle White boar provides the inspiration  that fuels the Rebellion in the book. He is an allegory of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, the founders of communism, in that he draws up the principles of the revolution. His skull being put on revered public display also recalls Lenin, whose embalmed body was put on display.[8][9] Napoleon – A large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way,[10] An allegory ofJoseph Stalin,[8] Napoleon is the main villain of Animal Farm. In the first French version of Animal Farm, Napoleon is called Cà ©sar, the French form of Caesar,[3] although another translation has him as Napolà ©on.[11] Snowball – Napoleons rival and original head of the farm after Jones overthrow. He is mainly based on Leon Trotsky,[8] but also combines elements from Vladimir Lenin.[9] Squealer – A small white fat porker who serves as Napoleons right hand pig and minister of propaganda, holding a position similar to that of Molotov.[8] Minimus – A poetic pig who writes the second and third national anthems of Animal Farm after the singing of Beasts of England is banned. The Piglets – Hinted to be the children of Napoleon (albeit not explicitly stated) and are the first generation of animals actually subjugated to his idea of animal inequality. The young pigs – Four pigs who complain about Napoleons takeover of the farm but are quickly silenced and later executed. Pinkeye – A minor pig who is mentioned only once; he is the pig that tastes Napoleons food to make sure it is not poisoned, in response to rumours about an assassination attempt on Napoleon. Humans Mr Jones – The former owner of the farm, Jones is a very heavy drinker. The animals revolt against him after he drinks so much that he does not feed or take care of them. Mr Frederick – The tough owner of Pinchfield, a well-kept neighbouring farm, who briefly enters into an alliance with Napoleon, represents Germany. Mr Pilkington – The easy-going but crafty owner of Foxwood, a neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds, represents Britain. Mr Whymper – A man hired by Napoleon for the public relations of Animal Farm to human society, who is eventually used to procure luxuries like alcohol for the pigs. Equines Boxer – Boxer is a loyal, kind, dedicated, and respectable horse, although quite dim-witted. Clover – Boxers companion, constantly caring for him; she also acts as a matriarch of sorts for the other horses and the other animals in general. Mollie – Mollie is a self-centred, self-indulgent and vain young white mare who quickly leaves for another farm after the revolution. Benjamin – Benjamin, a donkey, is one of the oldest animals. He has the worst temper, but is also one of the wisest animals on the farm, and is one of the few who can actually read. He is skeptical and pessimistic, his most-often-made statement being Life will go on as it has always gone on – that is, badly.[12] Other animals Muriel – A wise old goat who is friends with all of the animals on the farm. She, like Benjamin and Snowball, is one of the few animals on the farm who can read. The Puppies – Offspring of Jessie and Bluebell, taken away from them by Napoleon at birth and reared by Napoleon to be his security force. Moses – An old raven who occasionally visits the farm, regaling its denizens with tales of a wondrous place beyond the clouds called Sugarcandy Mountain, where he avers that all animals go when they die—but only if they work hard. He is interpreted as symbolising the Russian Orthodox Church, with Sugarcandy Mountain an allusion to Heaven for the animals.[13] The Sheep – They show limited understanding of the situations but nonetheless blindly support Napoleons ideals. The Hens – The hens are among the first to rebel against Napoleon. The Cows – Their milk is stolen by the pigs, who learn to milk them, and is stirred into the pigs mash every day while the other animals are denied such luxuries. The Cat – Never seen to carry out any work, the cat is absent for long periods, and is forgiven because her excuses are so convincing and she purred so affectionately that is was impossible not to believe in her good intentions.[14] She has no interest in the politics of the farm, and the only time she is recorded as having participated in an election, she is found to have actually voted on both sides.[14] Glossary of Terms Coccidiosis: a parasitic infection that causes bloody diarrhea and sudden death in animals Communism: a theory or system of social organization based on the  holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state; in practice, communism is often a totalitarian system of government Comrade: a fellow member of a political party; a member of the Communist party Disinter: to exhume; to unearth that which is buried Proletariat: in Marxism, the class of workers, especially industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive Propaganda: information, ideas, or rumors disseminated to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, or other entity Regime: a mode or system of rule or government; such a system when in power Socialism: a theory or system of social organization that advocates vesting the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, and other assets in the community as a whole Totalitarianism: absolute control by the state or a governing branch of a highly centralized institution Tushes: small, short tusks such as those belonging to a boar. Major Themes The Soviet Union under Stalinism Animal Farm is a satire of totalitarian governments in their many guises. But Orwell composed the book for a more specific purpose: to serve as a cautionary tale about Stalinism. It was for this reason that he faced  such difficulty in getting the book published; by the time Animal Farm was ready to meet its readers, the Allies were cooperating with the Soviet Union. The allegorical characters of the novel represent specific historical figures and different factions of Imperial Russian and Soviet society. These include Karl Marx (Major), Vladimir Lenin (Major), Leon Trotsky (Snowball), Joseph Stalin (Napoleon), Adolf Hitler (Frederick), the Allies (Pilkington), the peasants (Boxer), the elite (Mollie), and the church (Moses). The resemblance of some of the novel’s events to events in Soviet history is indubitable. For example, Snowball’s and Napoleon’s power struggle is a direct allegory of Trotsky’s and Stalin’s. Frederick’s trade agreement with Napoleon, and his subsequent breaking of the agreement, represents the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact that preceded World War II. The following Battle of the Windmill represents World War II itself. Despite his fairy-tale clarity in satirizing some historical events, Orwell is less specific about others. For example, the executions in Chapter VII conflate the Red Terror with the Great Purge. The executions themselves bear resemblance to both events, although their details connect them more to the Moscow Trials than to the Red Terror. Squealer’s subsequent announcement that the executions have ended the Rebellion connects them to the period of the Red Terror, however. Orwell leaves some ambiguity in the identities of the Rebellion and the Battle of the Cowshed. These ambiguities help the reader focus on the overall satire of Stalinism and the broader warning about the evils of totalitarian government. The Inevitability of Totalitarianism Orwell held the pessimistic belief that totalitarianism was inevitable, even in the West. According to Russell Baker, who wrote the preface to Animal Farm’s 1996 Signet Classics version, Orwell’s pessimism stemmed from his having grown up in an age of dictatorship. Witnessing Hitler’s and Stalin’s movements from afar, as well as fighting totalitarianism in the Spanish Civil War, Orwell came to believe in the rise of a new species of autocrat, worse even than the tyrants of old. This cynicism is reflected in  both of his highly successful novels, Animal Farm and 1984. Orwell emphasizes the insidiousness of totalitarianism early in the novel, when the pigs take the fresh milk and apples. The pigs justify their actions on the basis of their superiority; they are smart and need more nutrition than the other animals to fuel their brainpower. There is no scientific basis for the pigs’ claim—in fact, if anyone needs more food to fuel their labor, it is the manual laborers—but they can count on the animals’ being too ignorant to realize that. In this way, Orwell makes the point that totalitarianism need not be blatant in order to be operating. It can hide under the guise of the â€Å"greater good† as it did in the Soviet Union before the totalitarianism became obvious. Orwell uses a cyclical structure in Animal Farm, which helps advance the idea of totalitarianism’s predictability. The novel begins with Jones as autocratic tyrant and ends with Napoleon not only in Jones’s position, but in his clothes as well. Over the course of the novel, Napoleon essentially becomes Jones just as Stalin becomes an autocrat after pretending to espouse equality and freedom. Orwell cements this idea in the book’s final scene, where he writes, â€Å"Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which† (139). The circularity of Orwell’s story prevents the reader from imagining a better future for Animal Farm. After all, even if another Rebellion were to take place, its leaders would eventually come to emulate Napoleon. According to Baker, technology turned out to be the force freeing people from Orwell’s age of dictators. But â€Å"technology† can be just another banner under which to rally the people. While Orwell does portray technology as a source of progress in Animal Farm, he points out that it is useless unless it is in the people’s hands. Most notably, even when the windmill is finished it is used for milling corn instead of its original purpose of supplying the animals with electricity in their stalls. Intelligence and Education as Tools of Oppression From the very beginning of the novel, we become aware of education’s role in stratifying Animal Farm’s population. Following Major’s death, the pigs are the ones that take on the task of organizing and mobilizing the other animals because they are â€Å"generally recognized as being the cleverest of the animals† (35). At first, the pigs are loyal to their fellow animals and to the revolutionary cause. They translate Major’s vision of the future faithfully into the Seven Commandments of Animalism. However, it is not long before the pigs’ intelligence and education turn from tools of enlightenment to implements of oppression. The moment the pigs are faced with something material that they want—the fresh milk—they abandon their morals and use their superior intellect and knowledge to deceive the other animals. The pigs also limit the other animals’ opportunities to gain intelligence and education early on. They teach themselves to read and write from a children’s book but destroy it before the other animals can have the same chance. Indeed, most of the animals never learn more than a few letters of the alphabet. Once the pigs cement their status as the educated elite, they use their mental advantage to manipulate the other animals. For example, knowing that the other animals cannot read the Seven Commandments, they revise them whenever they like. The pigs also use their literacy to learn trades from manuals, giving them an opportunity for economic specialization and advancement. Content in the role of the intelligentsia, the pigs forgo manual labor in favor of bookkeeping and organizing. This shows that the pigs have not only the advantage of opportunity, but also the opportunity to reject whatever opportunities they like. The pigs’ intelligence and education allow them to bring the other animals into submission through the use of propaganda and revisionism. At the book’s end, we witness Napoleon’s preparations to educate a new generation of pigs and indoctrinate them into the code of oppression. Propaganda and Duplicity Working as a propagandist during World War II, Orwell experienced firsthand both the immense power and the dishonesty of propaganda. Many  types of governments make use of propaganda, not only totalitarian ones. Consider, for instance, the arguments that led many United States citizens to go along with the idea of invading Iraq after the September 11, 2001, terror attacks. Propaganda serves the positive task of uniting the people, sometimes at the cost of misleading them. Orwell takes a firm stance on the harmfulness of propaganda in Animal Farm while acknowledging its value for rallying a mistreated and disillusioned populace. In Chapter IX, Orwell demonstrates the positive value of propaganda. By this point, the animals are so downtrodden that they are desperate for something in which to believe. (Note the irony, though: it is Napoleon who has robbed them of their belief in the original version of Animalism.) The falsely optimistic statistics, the songs, and especially the Spontaneous Demonstrations give the animals something to live for. This chapter is an exception in terms of portraying propaganda in a positive light. For the majority ofAnimal Farm, Orwell skewers propaganda and exposes its nature as deception. Squealer represents a totalitarian government’s propaganda machine. Eloquent to a fault, he can make the animals believe almost anything. This fact is especially clear in Squealer’s interactions with Clover and Muriel. Each time Clover suspects that the Seven Commandments have been changed, Squealer manages to convince her that she is wrong. After the executions, Napoleon abolishes the singing of â€Å"Beasts of England† in favor of a new anthem, the lyrics of which contain a promise never to harm Animal Farm. In this propagandist manoeuvre, Napoleon replaces the revolutionary spirit of â€Å"Beasts of England† with the exact opposite, a promise not to rebel. In addition to being a source of manipulation, propaganda is an agent of fear and terror. Orwell demonstrates this quite clearly with Napoleon’s vilification of Snowball and his assurances that Snowball could attack the animals at any minute. He uses similar fear tactics regarding Frederick and Pilkington. The most egregious example of propaganda in the novel is the maxim that replaces the Seven Commandments: â€Å"All animals are equal / But some animals are more equal than others.† The idea of â€Å"more equal† is mathematically improbable and a nonsensical manipulation of language, but by  this time, the animals are too brainwashed to notice. Violence and Terror as Means of Control In Animal Farm, Orwell criticizes the ways that dictators use violence and terror to frighten their populaces into submission. Violence is one of the yokes from which the animals wish to free themselves when they prepare for the Rebellion. Not only does Jones overwork the animals and steal the products of their labor, but he can whip or slaughter them at his discretion. Once the pigs gain control of the animals, they, like Jones, discover how useful violence and terror can be. They use this knowledge to their full advantage. The foremost example of violence and terror in the novel is the pattern of public executions. The executions can be said to represent both the Red Terror and the Great Purge, but they stand more broadly for the abuse of power. For example, they are also similar to the Taliban’s public executions in Kabul’s soccer stadium in modern Afghanistan. Capital punishment for criminals is a hotly debated issue. Killing suspected criminals, as Napoleon does, is quite another issue. The executions perhaps best symbolize the Moscow Trials, which were show trials that Stalin arranged to instill fear in the Soviet people. To witnesses at the time, the accused traitors’ confessions seemed to be given freely. In fact, they were coerced. Napoleon likely coerces confessions from many of the animals that he executes. Orwell’s use of the allegory genre serves him well in the execution scene. Execution with weapons is a violent and horrifying act, but many people have become desensitized to it. Orwell’s allegorical executioners, the dogs that kill cruelly, portray the bloody and inescapably animalistic side of execution. Terror comes also in threats and propaganda. Each time the animals dare to question an aspect of Napoleon’s regime, Squealer threatens them with Jones’s return. This is doubly threatening to the animals because it would mean another battle that, if lost, would result in a return to their former lifestyle of submission. Jones’s return is such a serious threat that it quashes the animals’ curiosity without fail. The other major example of fear  tactics in the novel is the threat of Snowball and his collaborators. Napoleon is able to vilify Snowball in the latter’s absence and to make the animals believe that his return, like Jones’s, is imminent. Snowball is a worse threat than Jones, because Jones is at least safely out of Animal Farm. Snowball is â€Å"proved† to be not only lurking along Animal Farm’s borders but infiltrating the farm. Napoleon’s public investigation of Snowball’s whereabouts cements the animals’ fear of Snowball’s influence. In modern language, Snowball is pegged as the terrorist responsible for the infringements on the rights and liberties instigated by the pigs. Exploitation and the Need for Human Rights Exploitation is the issue around which the animals unite. Initially, the animals do not realize Jones is exploiting them. For this reason, Old Major’s speech is a revelation of momentous proportions. Major explains to the animals that they are enslaved and exploited and that Man is to blame. He teaches them not only what exploitation means, but also the fact that it is not inevitable. Orwell suggests that exploitation is, in fact, bound to happen when one class of society has an advantage over another. The opposite of exploitation, according to Major, is the state of being â€Å"rich and free.† Major’s ideas about animal rights symbolize the importance—and scarcity—of human rights in an oppressive regime. Gaining freedom does not necessarily lead people also to become rich, but it is better to be poor and free than poor and exploited. All the animals on Animal Farm are exploited under Napoleon’s control, save the pigs. Even the dogs, which work closely with the pigs, are exploited. The dogs face perhaps even a worse form of exploitation than the other animals, because they are made into agents of intimidation and death. Whereas Napoleon exploits the other animals’ physical strength and their ignorance, he exploits the dogs’ viciousness and turns them into villains against their parents’ wishes. Boxer’s life is a particularly sad example of exploitation because he exploits himself, believing wholeheartedly in Napoleon’s goodness. In the  end, Napoleon turns the tables and exploits Boxer, having him slaughtered for profit. By the end of the novel, we see clearly how the animals participate in their own exploitation. They are beginning to build a schoolhouse for the thirty-one young pigs Napoleon has fathered (perhaps an oblique reference to the â€Å"Thirty Tyrants† of ancient Greece). That schoolhouse will never benefit the animals that build it; rather, it will be used to educate the pigs and indoctrinate them into the cycle of exploiting others. Throughout the novel, Orwell shows us how the lack of human rights results in total helplessness. However, though it underscores the need for human rights, the novel does not suggest how to achieve them. After all, once the animals expel Jones and gain rights for themselves, the pigs take those rights away and the cycle of exploitation continues with new players. Apathy and Acceptance In the beginning of Animal Farm, the idea of freedom rouses the animals as if from a long slumber. Immediately following Major’s death, the animals begin preparing themselves for the Rebellion; just the idea of revolution is enough to motivate them, since they do not expect it to happen in their lifetimes. By the book’s end, the animals have become as apathetic as Benjamin always was. Despite the many hardships and injustices they face, the animals’ pride as well as Napoleon’s propaganda keep them invested in the â€Å"greater good† and the illusion of freedom. If Benjamin is the harbinger of apathy, Boxer is its antithesis. Strong not only in body but also in spirit, Boxer will make any sacrifice for the benefit of Animal Farm. With Boxer’s eventual betrayal by the leaders he served so unconditionally, Orwell lays bare another type of apathy—theirs. Far from truly considering Boxer a loyal comrade, the pigs treat him as apathetically as they would a mere object. Symbolically, they even make a profit by having him turned into literal objects—glue and bone meal. Boxer’s enthusiasm does not give him an advantage, but the other animals’ eventual apathy gives them a defense mechanism against the painful reality of their lives. It is no coincidence that Animal Farm’s most apathetic and cynical animal, Benjamin, is one of those that survives the  longest. Benjamin’s emotional detachment from situations, whether they are good or bad, keeps him from being disappointed. In his apathy and cynicism, Benjamin represents the stereotypical â€Å"gloomy† Russian and also the perennially pessimistic Orwell himself. Summary and analysis of Chapter I Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, stumbles drunkenly up to bed as the farm animals wait in still silence. The moment he is out of sight, they begin to bustle around, preparing themselves for the big meeting that is to take place that night. Old Major has called the meeting to discuss a strange dream he had the previous night. He is waiting for his fellow animals in the big barn.

Computers :: essays research papers

Computers The Computer that you know these days is a small thing that sits on a desk in your room that is composed of a monitor, keyboard, mouse and a small box. But computers have changed so much that if you seen old computer you would never recognize it. The first computer was built in the early 17 hundreds. You probably heard that the first computer was made in the 1950’s but computers have been around for hundreds of years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All a computer is is something that calculates number. So these computers of the 1700’s were made from gears that worked together to make a answer. â€Å"In the nineteenth century, Englishman Charles Babbage designed a steam powered machine that could calculate square roots, cube roots and other exponential functions.† (1) The first computer was an abacus. â€Å"The Chinese abacus consists of a wooden frame divided into an upper and lower section.† (2) These are all computer that have been around 100’s of years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Latter in the 20th century the government started to work on a top-secret project. That was the birth of type of computer. Similar to your computer but still very vary different. You would probably still would have never have guest what it is. The computer had no screen and it was the size of a office building. This computer was programmed differently too instead of typing in to a computer they had to make cards with holes in it that stood for different thing for it to do. They first had to make a program for typing so that they could have a keyboard connected to it. But still that was not good enough they need a program so that they could use the keyboard program on the system. This is called a operating system. The operating system is a lot like windows, it’s what keeps your computer interactive with you. But at that time they didn’t have a operating system and had to create one. One of the first operating systems open to the public was DOS.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The computer for years had been improved to smaller and smaller parts to run it faster and faster. Soon the computer was the size of a house. By then everyone knew about a computer. It was not until 1985 that the computer industry was able to take off and become one of the most important necessities in this world.

Ashley Bracero september Essay

America a land of hope and prosperity, one might even go as far as saying ,†The land of Dreams†. People from all over the world migrate to our great country for the luxurious rights we offer to all our people. Some of those rights including freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of press, and The right to privacy. But what if we told everyone one who entered the united states that there was a catch ? That at any moment if the goverment felt threatened enough, they could twist those rights to there benefit ? Do you think people would still view America as a getaway or more like a false advertisement ? Now we will try and dicuss one topic that has been raising a huge controversy in America today, security vs privacy. Ever since it has been revealed that the goverment has been hacking into american citizens private information for ,†Security Meaures,† America has been going into a spiral of doubt. Both parties are making compelling arguments regarding their reasoning and perspective on the matter of security vs privacy. The huge question being raised,†Is security actually more Important than privacy ? The goverment may tell you yes; that the precautions they are taking are only minor set backs necesary for the continuation of a strong society. In my opinion this is just yet another fib told to keep the goverment in control of what has been spiraling in the other direction since 9/11. Fear of Terrorism has fueled many changes in The United States , some proving better than others. For example, The TSA has been given massive amounts of power to protect America and has been rediculed for being unconstitutional, too expensive, and ineffective, yet it remains. Little by little it seems that the goverments fear of terrorism is beginning to drive them to any measures. Threatening the privacy of their own citizens to protect national security. The worst part is some of these under cover plans are so top secret it often takes leaks to get the truth on how much of our privacy is actually being threatened. Realistically you can not have a hunderd percent of privacy along with a hunderd percent of security, so, as an American citizen i chose privacy. I believe security should come as a choice, not to say it does not withold a huge place in society, because realistically without security the world would rapidally fall into choas. Privacy is a natural right more of an obligation that should always be presented to us no matter what the circumstance. America’s power has always laid in our rights and freedoms. It is America’s individualism and personal freedom that our enemies often hate the most. So, I believe if we change our great society to make us less free we are rolling around in their hands as pawns . I do not believe that we should neglect our liberties for one victory, for the chance that it might deminish the reputation that makes our society great. Forcing important networks like facebook, yahoo, and many more to relinquish private information is a huge disrespect to all citizens. Every citizen has the right to privacy, even the idea of privacy originated from the fourth amendment. Ironically, though the goverment seems to dismiss that fact for reasonings they seem only intitled to debate on. For a country that has comforted citizens on the idea that we are a democracy, the goverment begins to show the public holes in their stories and true intentions. Slowly the public is being to sway a different direction since it was revealed the goverment was hacking into americans private information. In 2010 a Pew research survey was held and showed that 32 percent of people believed that the goverments anti-terrorism policies have gone to far in restricting the average persons civil liberities. That means 66 percent of people found it vaild and implaced for a reasonable cause. In 2011 the same survey was conducted by the same organization and found that 53 percent now found that it has gone too far, thats more than half the people surveyed in 2010 . So, with that piece of information we see that people arent just doubting the goverment, they are begining to re-evaulate their own way of thinking. I believe if the goverment continues to deny us our full privleged right to privacy, we will crumble as a nation and they will being to lose not only our trust but our respect. No matter how much our society improves and develops there will always be a threat. So, if they begin to strip away our rights now , how long will it take before we lose more ? Don’t just take my word for it , here are some people who co-exist with my idea that privacy holds more substance and reasoning than security. Jessica from Debate.org says, † Now the reason for why i feel privacy is more important, is as simple as, If i owned a home of 5 acres and bought that land. A home because i wanted to feel secluded. This allows for me to walk around my home naked if i would like without a curtain down, or go swimming in my pool naked. If i knew i was being watched 24/7 like many famous people it would make me go insane, and i would not be able to deal with it.† Also, fliex jimenez, 17 says,† Security is always going to be there no matter how much we have of it, but, once you take away someones privacy you cant get it back. Its kind of like respect when you cross that line you just cant re-write that wrong.† In conclusion, privacy is a valuable thing to many citizens. lately the right we use to have is being to stripped away from us layer by layer. Many people are debating wether security holds more value than privacy but when it comes to statistcs it seems that is not the case. Like Benjamin Franklin said,† They that can give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserves neither liberty or safety.† So as a country we continue to try and fight this idea of selling moral rights for temporary safety promised by the goverment. So, like Benjamin Franklin said we must remember to hold on to important things such as our privacy and not sell it for something that has unpredicatable outcomes and strive for a greater stronger country were all people are respected.